Owning the Intelligence: Global AI Patents Landscape and Europe’s Quest for Technological Sovereignty
This paper analyzes global AI patenting from 2010 to 2023 to assess Europe’s position in an increasingly bipolar innovation landscape dominated by the United States and China. Using linked patent, firm, ownership, and citation data, the authors examine the geography, specialization, and international diffusion of AI innovation.
AI Index 2025: State of AI in 10 Charts
Small models get better, regulation moves to the states, and more. The 2025 AI Index Report shows a maturing field, improvements in AI optimization, and a growing saturation of use, and abuse, of this technology. This article covers the 2025 report in ten charts.
Foundation Model Transparency Reports
To codify how foundation model developers should provide transparency, we propose Foundation Model Transparency Reports, drawing upon the transparency reporting practices in social media. While external documentation of societal harms prompted social media transparency reports, our objective is to institutionalize transparency reporting for foundation models while the industry is still nascent.
How Much Does It Cost to Train Frontier AI Models?
The cost of training frontier AI models has grown by a factor of 2 to 3x per year for the past eight years, suggesting that the largest models will cost over a billion dollars by 2027.
Adjudication of Artificial Intelligence and Automated Decision-Making Cases in Europe and the USA
This article contributes to the understanding of how the legal system is reacting to the ongoing uptake of AI and the disputes or right infringements this uptake creates. Select legal cases regarding the use of AI technology for automated decisions are reviewed, with a focus on filings in Europe and the USA.
A Policy Primer and Roadmap on AI Worker Surveillance and Productivity Scoring Tools
The paper provides stakeholders (policymakers, advocates, workers, and unions) with insights into AI-powered algorithmic worker surveillance and productivity-scoring tools. Topics explored include the assumptions embedded in workplace surveillance and scoring technologies, how employers use these systems in ways that affect human rights, and actionable recommendations for federal agencies and labour unions.