The Rising Costs of Training Frontier AI Models

The costs of training frontier AI models have grown dramatically in recent years, but there is limited public data on the magnitude and growth of these expenses. This paper develops one of the first detailed cost models to address this gap, estimating training costs using three approaches that account for hardware, energy, cloud rental, and staff expenses.
Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2024

The 2024 AI Index broadens its scope to more extensively cover essential trends such as technical advancements in AI, public perceptions of the technology, and the geopolitical dynamics surrounding its development. The 2024 edition introduces new estimates on AI training costs, detailed analyses of the responsible AI landscape, and an entirely new chapter dedicated to AI’s impact on science and medicine.
The Foundation Model Transparency Index (October 2023)

The Foundation Model Transparency Index is a new project that assesses the transparency of foundation model developers. The Index is designed around 100 transparency indicators, which codify transparency for foundation models, the resources required to build them, and their use in the AI supply chain. The 2023 Index scores 10 leading developers providing a snapshot of AI transparency.
Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2023

The 2023 AI Index report introduces more original data than any previous edition, including a new chapter on AI public opinion, a more thorough technical performance chapter, original analysis about large language and multimodal models, detailed trends in global AI legislation records, a study of the environmental impact of AI systems, and more.
Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2022

The 2022 edition of Stanford’s annual AI Index includes an expanded technical performance chapter, a new survey of robotics researchers around the world, data on global AI legislation records in 25 countries, and a new chapter with an in-depth analysis of technical AI ethics metrics.